Weather Station Using Arduino UNO

Created by: Hazel Yang

This project is a weather station using a Arduino UNO board to control data flow, a DHT22 sensor to collect the data and a OLED screen to show the data.

Step 1: Item List

1. Screen: OLED, 1.3" Display SH1106, I2C white color ---- PID: 18283

2. Sensor: Digital Humidity and Temperature Sensor DHT22 ---- PID: 7375

3. Connects: Jumper Wires ---- PID: 10316 or 10318 or 10312 (depends on the length) or you can use solid wire 22 AWG ---- PID: 22490

Breadboard ---- PID: 10686 or 10698 or 103142 (depends on size)

4. Power: This cable can only connect with a computer USB port and the cable is also used for data transfer between the IDE and Arduino board. USB CABLE, A TO B, M/M, 0.5M (1.5FT) ---- PID: 29862

Or you can use this to power the board: 5V 2A AC/DC Adapter ---- PID: 10817.

Step 2: Relative Introduction

Introduction of Screen: 1.3" OLED Display White

1. You can find the document that shows the basic setup and descriptions: http://www.ett.co.th/prod2017/OLED%201.3%20I2C%20ENG.pdf

Introduction of Sensor: Humidity and Temperature Sensor DHT22 1. You can find the document that shows the descriptions: https://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Sensors/Temperature/DHT22.pdf

Step 3: Connect the Circuit

The DHT22 sensor sends serial data to pin 2. So, connect the second pin from left, the "SDA" pin should be connected to pin 2.

For the SSH1106 display, it uses the analog pin to transmit. The circuitry of the screen will be "SCL" pin to Arduino's "A5" and "SDA" pin to Arduino's "A4". While the pixel position data is transmitting continuously, the display function in the program only triggers the command once every time it reads the data from the sensor.

Both the sensor and screen can use the 3.3V to power on Arduino as a DC power input. To power, we need to connect both the "VCC" pins to Arduino’s "3.3V". And the "GND" pins can be simply connected to the "GND" pin on the Arduino board.

Use the USB A to B cable, connect the Arudino to computer.

Step 4: Prepare to Compile

"u8glib" for SSH1106 screen from Olikraus.

"DHT sensor library" for DHT22 sensor from Adafruit. You should download the two libraries: DHT22 sensor library: https://github.com/adafruit/DHT-sensor-library

U8glib: https://github.com/adafruit/DHT-sensor-library

And use “manage library” in IDE to make them unzipped. Online instruction of managing libraries: https://github.com/adafruit/DHT-sensor-library

Step 5: Test Code for DHT22 Sensor Serial Port

Test coe for DHT22 sensor serial port (which is inside the DHT22 library>>examples):

(You can skip this part.)

It just to test the DHT22 sensor reads data normally.

#include <Arduino.h>

#include <DHT.h>

#include <DHT_U.h>

#include <SPI.h>

#include <Wire.h>

#define DHTPIN 2

#define DHTTYPE DHT22

DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);

void setup() {

Serial.begin(9600);

Serial.println(F("DHT22 test!"));

dht.begin();

}

void loop() {

// Wait a few seconds between measurements.

delay(2000);

// Reading temperature or humidity takes about 250 milliseconds!

// Sensor readings may also be up to 2 seconds 'old' (its a very slow sensor)

float h = dht.readHumidity();

// Read temperature as Celsius (the default)

float t = dht.readTemperature();

// Read temperature as Fahrenheit (isFahrenheit = true)

float f = dht.readTemperature(true);

// Check if any reads failed and exit early (to try again).

if (isnan(h) || isnan(t) || isnan(f)) {

Serial.println(F("Failed to read from DHT sensor!"));

return;

}

// Compute heat index in Fahrenheit (the default)

float hif = dht.computeHeatIndex(f, h);

// Compute heat index in Celsius (isFahreheit = false)

float hic = dht.computeHeatIndex(t, h, false);

Serial.print(F("Humidity: "));

Serial.print(h);

Serial.print(F("% Temperature: "));

Serial.print(t);

Serial.print(F("°C "));

Serial.print(f);

Serial.print(F("°F Heat index: "));

Serial.print(hic);

Serial.print(F("°C "));

Serial.print(hif);

Serial.println(F("°F"));

}

// After compiling the program, click TOOLS >> SERIAL MONITOR to check the data.

// End of the testing program.

Step 6: Code for the Project

#include <Arduino.h>

#include <DHT22.h>

#include <DHT_U.h>

#include <SPI.h>

#include <Wire.h>

#define DHTPIN 2

#define DHTTYPE DHT22

#include "U8glib.h"

U8GLIB_SH1106_128X64 u8g(U8G_I2C_OPT_NONE);

DHT sensor(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);

void draw(void) {

u8g.setFont(u8g_font_unifont);

float h = sensor.readHumidity();

// Read temperature as Celsius (the default)

float t = sensor.readTemperature();

// Check if any reads failed and exit early (to try again).

if (isnan(h) || isnan(t)) {

u8g.print("Error.");

for(;;);

return;

}

u8g.setPrintPos(4, 10);

u8g.print("Temperature(C):");

u8g.setPrintPos(4, 25);

u8g.print(t);

u8g.setPrintPos(4, 40);

u8g.print("Humidity(%):");

u8g.setPrintPos(4, 55);

u8g.print(h);

}

void setup(void) {

u8g.setRot180();

Serial.begin(9600);

sensor.begin();

}

void loop(void) {

// picture loop

u8g.firstPage();

do {

draw();

} while( u8g.nextPage() );

// rebuild the picture after some delay delay(2000);

}

// End of the main program.

Step 7: Description

Then, initialize the pin circuitry for the Arduino board. Because the sensor library requires the data to declare the object.

And you can test the sensor's data by monitoring the output data through digital pin 2 by using the function called "Serial.print()". Because the frequency of data transmission is roughly 1 reading every 2 seconds (which is 0.5 Hz), when programmed in Arduino IDE, we need to set the delay inside the loop function to be more than 2 seconds. So there is a "delay(2000)" inside the loop function. This ensures the data will be refreshed frequently. In the function "draw", get the data from the serial data port and put them into to float numbers using the "readHumidity" and "readTemperature" functions.

Print out the humidity and temperature using the print function in the "u8glib" file. You can adjust the position by changing the number in the "setPrintPos" function. The print function can directly show the text and numbers.

To set up the hardware, give the serial port a 10 seconds delay. Then call the begin function for the sensor. According to my circuit, my screen was upside down. So I also included a "setRot180" function to rotate the display.

The loop function of the Arduino board is the main function. It keeps calling the draw function to display the text and data every time the sensor is refreshed.

The screen looks like this:

You can disconnect the Arduino UNO from your computer and power it using a 5V DC power adaptor connecting to its 2.1mm power jack. It stores the program inside its drive and can continuously run the program again after being powered.