Introduction: Determining Forward Voltage of LED's
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About: Autistic person who's interests include utility cycling, recreational cycling, cycling safety, electronics, gardening, Arduino, and LEDs.
In this Instructable, I will show you how to measure the forward voltages of LED's if it isn't provided. I recently ordered 200 pieces of assorted 20 mA LED's but there was no information on the forward voltages. This may also work for higher power LED's too but you have to be really quick.
Step 1: What You Will Need
LED's to test
Forward current of the LED's
Voltage source higher than the LED's forward voltage
Breadboard
Multimeter (having two would be very useful if you are going to test many LED's)
Alligator clips or anything to hold on to the test leads
Solid wires (or leads from burned out components)
500 or 1000 ohm variable resistor
Forward current of the LED's
Voltage source higher than the LED's forward voltage
Breadboard
Multimeter (having two would be very useful if you are going to test many LED's)
Alligator clips or anything to hold on to the test leads
Solid wires (or leads from burned out components)
500 or 1000 ohm variable resistor
Step 2: Measuring the Forward Voltage
To measure the forward voltage, set the multimeters to their proper settings (ie. current and voltage). Always set the resistance to the highest value before testing it to avoid frying the LED. It may be easier to clamp the multimeter leads by inserting solid core wires to the breadboard. Lower the resistance until the current is up to 20 mA and record the voltage and current.
The forward current of the blue LED was 3.356 V at 19.5 mA. If you are powering it with 3.6 V, the resistor value to use is the next higher value for R=(3.6V-3.356V)/0.0195A)=12.5 ohm.
Measuring high power LED's with >350 mA forward current can be a bit tricky because when they heat up quickly, their forward voltage drops continuously. This means the current will be higher at a given voltage. To measure high power LED's, follow the same procedure and set the current. Quickly hold the value on both multimeters. It if's too late, you would have to let the LED's cool down to room temperature before taking the measurement again. For this reason, current limiting resistors are not used to power them. They must have a constant current source.
Don't know the forward current?
If the LED is part of an indicator light of a device, you can desolder one of the LED's lead and measure its current. This may not be necessary because you can measure its forward voltage across the leads while it is on.
Increase precision of current adjustment
I was unable to set it to 20 mA because the variable resistor had a large range of 50k ohm. You may use 500 ohm or 1k ohm. To allow coarse and fine adjustments, you may connect a higher and lower range variable resistor in series.
The forward current of the blue LED was 3.356 V at 19.5 mA. If you are powering it with 3.6 V, the resistor value to use is the next higher value for R=(3.6V-3.356V)/0.0195A)=12.5 ohm.
Measuring high power LED's with >350 mA forward current can be a bit tricky because when they heat up quickly, their forward voltage drops continuously. This means the current will be higher at a given voltage. To measure high power LED's, follow the same procedure and set the current. Quickly hold the value on both multimeters. It if's too late, you would have to let the LED's cool down to room temperature before taking the measurement again. For this reason, current limiting resistors are not used to power them. They must have a constant current source.
Don't know the forward current?
If the LED is part of an indicator light of a device, you can desolder one of the LED's lead and measure its current. This may not be necessary because you can measure its forward voltage across the leads while it is on.
Increase precision of current adjustment
I was unable to set it to 20 mA because the variable resistor had a large range of 50k ohm. You may use 500 ohm or 1k ohm. To allow coarse and fine adjustments, you may connect a higher and lower range variable resistor in series.